Eddy-current dynamometers
Simple, inexpensive and low-maintenance, but they can only absorb power, never drive the unit under test. Response is comparatively slow and all the energy leaves as heat in the cooling water. They suit steady-state characterisation, endurance runs and production stations with modest dynamic requirements.
AC dynamometers
The mainstream choice for motor and e-drive testing today. Four-quadrant operation means they both absorb and drive, response is in the millisecond range, and a regenerative drive returns energy to the grid — which makes long endurance programmes markedly cheaper to run than an eddy-current bench. The trade-off is higher capital cost and stricter requirements on harmonics and site distribution.
DC dynamometers
Straightforward control and smooth low-speed torque, but commutators and brushes need regular maintenance and top speed is limited. Today they are mostly seen as installed equipment in existing laboratories and in low-speed, high-torque applications.
Making the decision
If the programme requires driving the unit under test — motoring tests, back-driven efficiency measurement, real drive-cycle simulation — a four-quadrant AC machine is mandatory. If the work is steady-state loading on a limited budget, eddy current is still valid. The more operating hours per year, the sooner regenerated energy pays back the price difference.
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